青島(dao)地鐵(tie)8號(hao)線建(jian)設(she)工期提前了(le)一(yi)年半(ban),創造了(le)國(guo)內地鐵(tie)建(jian)設(she)最快(kuai)速(su)度。
8號線起(qi)自膠州(zhou)北站(zhan),終至五四(si)廣(guang)場站(zhan),串聯膠州(zhou)、城(cheng)陽(yang)、李滄、市(shi)(shi)北、市(shi)(shi)南五個區(qu),是(shi)連接(jie)青島新機場、北岸城(cheng)區(qu)、東岸城(cheng)區(qu)的(de)快速(su)骨干線路,也是(shi)山東省(sheng)新舊動能轉(zhuan)換(huan)首批優選項(xiang)(xiang)目。項(xiang)(xiang)目全長61.4公里,車(che)站(zhan)18座,設計時(shi)速(su)120km/h。
8號線(xian)北(bei)(bei)段(duan)(膠(jiao)州(zhou)(zhou)北(bei)(bei)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)-青島(dao)(dao)北(bei)(bei)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan))共11個車(che)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan),長48.3公(gong)(gong)里,其中高架(jia)線(xian)6.4公(gong)(gong)里,地下線(xian)41.9公(gong)(gong)里,串(chuan)聯(lian)了青島(dao)(dao)北(bei)(bei)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)、紅島(dao)(dao)火車(che)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)、膠(jiao)東國際機場、膠(jiao)州(zhou)(zhou)北(bei)(bei)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)四大(da)交通樞(shu)紐。站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)點分別為膠(jiao)州(zhou)(zhou)北(bei)(bei)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)-膠(jiao)東機場站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)-膠(jiao)東站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)-大(da)澗站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)-紅島(dao)(dao)火車(che)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)-健(jian)康中心站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)-健(jian)身(shen)中心(紅島(dao)(dao)會展)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)-觀濤站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)-紅島(dao)(dao)科技(ji)館(方(fang)特)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)-大(da)洋站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)-青島(dao)(dao)北(bei)(bei)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)。
8號(hao)線(xian)北(bei)段“穿山越海(hai)”,施(shi)工(gong)環(huan)境復雜。青島(dao)(dao)地(di)鐵八號(hao)線(xian)公司(si)副總(zong)經理程學友介紹(shao),為配套新(xin)機場轉場運營(ying),8號(hao)線(xian)北(bei)段全面提速(su)。在(zai)(zai)市委市政府的支持下,經過(guo)(guo)3萬余名建(jian)設者1300多個日夜(ye)的辛(xin)勤工(gong)作,8號(hao)線(xian)北(bei)段在(zai)(zai)軌道交(jiao)通(tong)領(ling)域創造(zao)(zao)多項“青島(dao)(dao)速(su)度(du)”:僅用(yong)3年半時(shi)間(jian)實(shi)現(xian)48.3公里地(di)鐵線(xian)路開通(tong),在(zai)(zai)國(guo)內巖石隧道地(di)鐵中是(shi)沒有過(guo)(guo)的(同類工(gong)程通(tong)常需要5年工(gong)期);僅用(yong)2年零(ling)7個月(yue),國(guo)內最(zui)長的地(di)鐵過(guo)(guo)海(hai)隧道在(zai)(zai)消除了大(da)量(liang)重大(da)安全風(feng)險(xian)源后(hou),順利實(shi)現(xian)“洞(dong)通(tong)”,泥水(shui)盾構(gou)實(shi)現(xian)220米(mi)/月(yue)掘進速(su)度(du),這(zhe)在(zai)(zai)國(guo)內是(shi)最(zui)快的;僅用(yong)32天完成過(guo)(guo)海(hai)隧道5.8公里軌道鋪設,創造(zao)(zao)行業新(xin)標桿。
8號線(xian)過(guo)海(hai)區(qu)域大(da)(da)(da)(da)洋站(zhan)至青島北站(zhan)區(qu)間全長7.9公里(li),海(hai)域段(duan)長5.4公里(li),為目前(qian)已建、在(zai)建國(guo)內海(hai)域段(duan)最長地(di)鐵(tie)跨(kua)海(hai)區(qu)間隧(sui)道(dao)。過(guo)海(hai)隧(sui)道(dao)最大(da)(da)(da)(da)埋深達海(hai)面下56米,穿(chuan)越地(di)質(zhi)復(fu)雜(za)多變(bian),共穿(chuan)越9條(tiao)(tiao)斷(duan)層破(po)碎(sui)帶,總長約1.2公里(li),破(po)碎(sui)帶圍巖破(po)碎(sui)、滲(shen)透性(xing)強,且部分連通海(hai)水,在(zai)如此高壓力、長距離(li)、大(da)(da)(da)(da)量斷(duan)裂帶中(zhong)掘進(jin),施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)難(nan)(nan)度(du)之(zhi)大(da)(da)(da)(da),安全風險(xian)之(zhi)高,在(zai)國(guo)內實屬罕(han)見。針對過(guo)海(hai)段(duan)下穿(chuan)9條(tiao)(tiao)破(po)碎(sui)帶地(di)質(zhi)非常(chang)復(fu)雜(za)這一特點,邀(yao)請院士陳湘(xiang)生、史玉新研究各類重難(nan)(nan)點技術和施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)問題的風險(xian)管(guan)(guan)控(kong),為過(guo)海(hai)段(duan)順(shun)(shun)(shun)利推(tui)進(jin)出謀劃策、“把脈會診”。由于地(di)質(zhi)極其復(fu)雜(za),經(jing)反(fan)復(fu)論證確定采用“盾構法(fa)”+“礦(kuang)山法(fa)”對打施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong),東(dong)側過(guo)海(hai)段(duan)2.9公里(li)采用泥(ni)水盾構法(fa)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong),西(xi)側過(guo)海(hai)段(duan)2.5公里(li)采用礦(kuang)山法(fa)+雙模(mo)式TBM施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)。8號線(xian)在(zai)建設過(guo)程中(zhong)通過(guo)有(you)效的技術以及(ji)管(guan)(guan)理(li)措施(shi)(shi),順(shun)(shun)(shun)利消(xiao)除多個重大(da)(da)(da)(da)風險(xian)源。例如,順(shun)(shun)(shun)利近距離(li)下穿(chuan)運營地(di)鐵(tie)3號線(xian)、順(shun)(shun)(shun)利穿(chuan)越5條(tiao)(tiao)鐵(tie)路線(xian)、順(shun)(shun)(shun)利完成隧(sui)道(dao)狹小空間內7臺數百噸盾構機拆解、順(shun)(shun)(shun)利下穿(chuan)數百棟房屋等(deng)(deng)等(deng)(deng)。
其中,青(qing)(qing)島北(bei)站(zhan)—滄口站(zhan)區間(jian)(簡稱青(qing)(qing)滄區間(jian))采用礦山法施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong),拱頂埋深16米(mi)(mi),區間(jian)左(zuo)線(xian)120米(mi)(mi)下(xia)穿(chuan)運營(ying)地(di)鐵(tie)3號(hao)(hao)線(xian),最近距(ju)3號(hao)(hao)線(xian)僅(jin)1.14米(mi)(mi),采用非爆破暗挖法施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong),屬于8號(hao)(hao)線(xian)一(yi)(yi)級重(zhong)大(da)(da)風(feng)險(xian)(xian)源(yuan),是青(qing)(qing)島市地(di)鐵(tie)建(jian)(jian)設(she)史上(shang)(shang)首次下(xia)穿(chuan)運營(ying)地(di)鐵(tie)。由于施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)風(feng)險(xian)(xian)高(gao)、難度大(da)(da),是青(qing)(qing)島市地(di)鐵(tie)特別重(zhong)大(da)(da)一(yi)(yi)級風(feng)險(xian)(xian)源(yuan),尤(you)為(wei)令人矚目。建(jian)(jian)設(she)、勘(kan)察(cha)、設(she)計(ji)、監理、施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)等(deng)參建(jian)(jian)單位(wei)科學設(she)計(ji),精密分析,靠技術(shu)創新將已運營(ying)地(di)鐵(tie)3號(hao)(hao)線(xian)結構的(de)沉降值控制在(zai)2毫米(mi)(mi)以內,僅(jin)約(yue)1枚硬幣厚度,可謂地(di)鐵(tie)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)史上(shang)(shang)的(de)“奇跡”。“在(zai)下(xia)穿(chuan)3號(hao)(hao)線(xian)的(de)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)過程(cheng)中,公(gong)司員工(gong)(gong)連續半年時間(jian)盯(ding)在(zai)掌子(zi)面,正(zheng)常運營(ying)的(de)線(xian)路安全上(shang)(shang)容不(bu)得半點馬虎,每天現場(chang)召開(kai)碰頭會調度施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong),按(an)照一(yi)(yi)級風(feng)險(xian)(xian)源(yuan)“一(yi)(yi)控六專項”進行管控,確保施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)現場(chang)萬(wan)無一(yi)(yi)失。”程(cheng)學友(you)說。
在(zai)確保安全質(zhi)量(liang)的同(tong)時,為加快施工(gong)進(jin)(jin)度,8號(hao)線(xian)(xian)采(cai)用了(le)多(duo)種先(xian)進(jin)(jin)工(gong)藝。例如(ru),過海(hai)段聯絡通道在(zai)國內首(shou)次(ci)采(cai)用小(xiao)盾構(gou)機械施工(gong)、在(zai)省(sheng)內首(shou)次(ci)采(cai)用電(dian)瓶式鋪軌門(men)吊、首(shou)次(ci)引(yin)進(jin)(jin)自動打孔(kong)機器人(ren)等等。此外,根據不同(tong)地(di)質(zhi)同(tong)時采(cai)用礦山法(fa)、泥(ni)水盾構(gou)、TBM施工(gong),最終(zhong)攻克了(le)“咽喉(hou)”,確保了(le)線(xian)(xian)路如(ru)期(qi)通車。
8號(hao)線還(huan)在(zai)(zai)省(sheng)內首次(ci)臨近高(gao)速鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)路(lu)地(di)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)。8號(hao)線高(gao)架(jia)段與濟(ji)(ji)(ji)青(qing)(qing)高(gao)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)并行7.5公里,最近處僅(jin)相(xiang)隔12米,且穿越電廠區,距離煙囪不(bu)足(zu)30米。為(wei)確(que)(que)保(bao)在(zai)(zai)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)青(qing)(qing)高(gao)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)開通運(yun)(yun)營(ying)前完(wan)工(gong),建設單位從方(fang)案的策劃、設計(ji)方(fang)案變更、人員投(tou)入等各方(fang)面進行協調(diao),通過(guo)增加1個(ge)架(jia)梁點、1套(tao)提運(yun)(yun)架(jia)設備(bei)和(he)運(yun)(yun)梁通道等措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)提高(gao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)效率。該段連(lian)續梁經多方(fang)協調(diao)最終由(you)掛(gua)籃法施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)改為(wei)支架(jia)法,節省(sheng)了(le)一個(ge)多月時間(jian)。施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)高(gao)峰(feng)時人員投(tou)入1000余人同時作業(ye),僅(jin)用10個(ge)月完(wan)成高(gao)架(jia)段于(yu)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)青(qing)(qing)高(gao)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)并行施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong),最終確(que)(que)保(bao)了(le)在(zai)(zai)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)青(qing)(qing)高(gao)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)開通前完(wan)工(gong)。
8號線北段的(de)(de)(de)藝(yi)術設計(ji)著重提(ti)取航(hang)空元素,以“夢幻(huan)青(qing)島”為(wei)設計(ji)主(zhu)題,結合青(qing)島海洋特(te)色和豐富(fu)多彩的(de)(de)(de)地域(yu)文化,以“新媒(mei)介、新觀念”藝(yi)術手法(fa)植入(ru)空間,實現了城市文化、歷史(shi)沉淀與先進現代科技(ji)的(de)(de)(de)完美交織,塑(su)造(zao)了獨(du)具特(te)色的(de)(de)(de)空間藝(yi)術一(yi)體化設計(ji),為(wei)青(qing)島未來發展描繪出(chu)一(yi)幅現代科技(ji)的(de)(de)(de)畫面。8號線建(jian)成(cheng)通車后,將實現高鐵、地鐵、航(hang)空等(deng)全方位(wei)換乘,打造(zao)了膠州市到青(qing)島主(zhu)城區的(de)(de)(de)新通道(dao)。
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